Ethereum Foundation Announces Expenditure
Recently, the Ethereum Foundation's sale of ETH and its transparency of funds have attracted widespread attention from the crypto community. In response, the Ethereum Foundation announced its official expenditure at the end of August.
According to the chart, "new institutions" accounted for the largest share of the foundation's expenditure, at 36.5%. Vitalik Buterin said that this category includes grants to various organizations such as the Nomic Foundation, L2BEAT, the Center for Decentralized Research, and the 0xPARC Foundation, and the main goal of building these new organizations is to strengthen the Ethereum community in the long term.
The second largest expenditure category of the foundation is L1 research and development, accounting for 24.9% of total expenditure. This category includes funding for external client teams (62%) and internal foundation researchers (38%). Internal spending includes teams such as Geth, Cryptography Research, Devcon, Solidity, Next Billion, etc., whose responsibilities are public and have relevant activity information on their websites, github and social channels.
In addition, the foundation has published activity reports on external spending or funding in the past 4 years. Projects funded by the foundation in Q1 2024 include Xerxis, Ethereum Bogota, Motherless Africa, ETHKL, etc. The rest of the foundation's expenses include community development (12.7%), zero-knowledge applications (10.4%), internal operations (7.7%), developer platforms (6.5%), and L2 research and development (1.4%).
In addition to revealing the Ethereum Foundation's expenses, Vitalik also revealed that his annual salary at the organization is about $139,500. This is not high compared to his net worth, which Forbes estimated to be about $1.5 billion in 2022.
Regarding the Ethereum Foundation's fund management plan, Vitalik mentioned that the foundation will spend 15% of the remaining funds each year, which means that the foundation will exist forever, but its influence in the ecosystem will decrease over time. Foundation member Justin Drake expects that the foundation will still have about 10 years of operating funds, but this will fluctuate with the price of ETH.
Vitalik sells ETH again?
Vitalik was criticized again after selling $441,000 worth of ETH on September 12, but he explained that the order was placed in August and said that it was the last sale (to fund ecological defense projects) and no similar transactions were expected. It is reported that the transaction was triggered by the Cowswap twap automatic order, which was set as early as August 29 (twap strategy can execute large orders by spreading large orders into smaller parts over a certain period of time).
According to LookOnChain data, wallets associated with Vitalik sold a total of 190 ETH on September 12, and have sold ETH worth $2.28 million since August 30. In response, Vitalik insisted that he had never profited from the sale of ETH because all the proceeds were used to fund projects, which was a silent benefit.
How do Vitalik and the Ethereum Foundation view DeFi?
Long-time DeFi developer Kain Warwick recently accused Vitalik and the Ethereum Foundation of being "anti-DeFi". The developer claimed that the foundation only spends a small portion of its budget each year to promote the development of the decentralized finance sector, and wastes most of its annual budget on other unimportant things.
Vitalik responded to this, emphasizing his long-term focus on decentralized exchanges and sustainable projects, and reiterated his commitment to the decentralized finance sector, but he has no interest in investing in short-term projects with unsustainable prospects, such as liquidity mining or temporary projects that rely on issuing new tokens and then dumping them on the market.
Dankrad Feist, a member of the Ethereum Foundation team, said that the Foundation has no unified view on DeFi. He personally likes DeFi, but DeFi cannot solve all of Ethereum's problems alone. The financial market itself does not create value, but it can create more value for society by providing services such as liquidity and insurance. DeFi's most valuable contribution on Ethereum is decentralized stablecoins. He hopes that these stablecoins can become a "pure" medium of exchange for cryptocurrencies, but they have serious expansion limitations, so custody solutions are more popular now. Despite this, he believes that it is very valuable to have a decentralized, censorship-free alternative.
The main direction of the Ethereum Foundation's recent research
Despite its controversial spending, the Ethereum Foundation is actively researching technological advances in multiple areas.
Regarding zero-knowledge proof (ZK), George Kadianakis said that research on STARKs and SNARKs is being used, such as recursive signature aggregation and achieving post-quantum security. Justin Drake mentioned that the introduction of SNARKs has significantly reduced the cost of proof, and emphasized the formal verification work of zkEVM.
For verifiable delay functions (VDFs), Antonio Sanso said that although it has not yet been implemented in Ethereum, the team is studying its potential applications, but further improvement and evaluation are needed.
Regarding maximum extractable value (MEV), Barnabé Monnot and s 0 isp 0 ke discussed the research progress of solutions such as ePBS, Execution Tickets and Inclusion Lists to reduce the impact of MEV and improve the network's anti-censorship capabilities.
Vitalik Buterin and Justin Drake believe that binary hash trees may be used instead of Verkle trees in the future to accommodate technology upgrades. In addition, formal verification and verifiable computing are seen as key technologies to ensure code correctness and promote interoperability between different programs.
How does the foundation view the problem of ETH value accumulation?
As we all know, according to the roadmap, rollups form a diverse ecosystem on Ethereum L1, and there are a large number of DApps on L2, and the fees paid by users are extremely low, but this involves the problem of the lack of value accumulation of ETH assets. Regarding this issue, members of the Ethereum Foundation believe that the value accumulation of ETH is crucial to the success of Ethereum. ETH as a currency supports decentralized stablecoins and provides economic security for the network.
Foundation member Justin Drake believes that Ethereum must become the programmable currency of the Internet, and the value accumulation of ETH will be achieved through total fees and currency premiums. What is important is the total fee, not the fee per transaction. Even if the transaction fee is less than one cent per transaction, billions of dollars in revenue can still be generated through 10 million transactions per second.
Another important aspect he mentioned is the proportion of ETH used as collateral currency, such as supporting DeFi. Different financial activities on Ethereum will bring value capture to ETH.
In addition, he also believes that in the Rollup roadmap, the Ethereum mainnet will be the intersection of high-value activities, and L1 expansion is necessary.
If Ethereum is designed to promote sustainable economic activities, the value accumulation of ETH will follow. The growth of ETH's value will support the security and economic activities of the Ethereum ecosystem, thereby promoting Ethereum to become a global financial platform.
How to deal with the centralization problem of Layer 2?
Currently, more than 80% of Ethereum transactions occur on Layer 2 solutions, including Arbitrum, Optimism, Base, and zkSync. L2 networks have also faced some criticism recently for their centralization, with Cyber Capital's Justin Bons raising concerns last month that these networks pose risks due to their centralization. In response, Vitalik explained that highly decentralized L2 solutions are inherently unable to take away user funds without strong consensus.
On September 12, Vitalik said that he would only publicly acknowledge L2s that have reached Stage 1 or higher in their decentralized work, regardless of whether he invests in them or not. Vitalik reiterated his emphasis on L2 and stressed the importance of security, suggesting that initial protections should not be removed until the proof system is thoroughly verified. Starting next year, he plans to only publicly mention (in public places such as blogs, speeches, etc.) L2s that are at Stage 1 or higher, and provide a "possibly short grace period" for truly interesting new projects.
Vitalik outlined the criteria for Stage 1+ rollup, namely that the network requires a 75% consensus of the council to overturn the proof system, and at least 26% of the council members must be independent of the rollup team. He believes that "this requirement is reasonable and necessary for the security of the network. The era of rollup being glorified as "multi-signature" is coming to an end, and the era of encrypted trust has arrived." It is reported that several zero-knowledge (ZK) rollup teams plan to achieve this milestone by the end of this year.
Summary
In summary, although Ethereum is facing some FUD, the Ethereum team is still actively facing and solving problems. As the largest application public chain, Ethereum's fundamentals have not been shaken, and there is no need to be overly pessimistic.
The biggest problem of Ethereum at present is that industry applications have encountered a bottleneck period, but the low handling fee of L2 is brewing and promoting the outbreak of new applications. After the lack of liquidity in the capital market improves, the adoption rate of the crypto industry will accelerate, and the future of Ethereum is still worth looking forward to.
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