Advancements in Gene Editing and IVG Bring New Possibilities and Ethical Questions

According to ShibDaily, recent advancements in in-vitro gametogenesis (IVG) and gene-editing technologies are bringing the concept of gene-edited human embryos closer to reality. The CRISPR-Cas9 tool, known for its precision in editing DNA, is at the forefront of making heritable gene editing a viable option in the near future. This technology allows scientists to make specific changes to DNA, such as correcting mutations or adding new genetic material. Researchers have made significant progress in IVG, creating early-stage germ cell precursors from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These precursors, known as pro-spermatogonia and pro-oogonia, closely resemble natural germ cells at both genetic and epigenetic levels. This breakthrough could provide new fertility options for individuals unable to conceive naturally by enabling the creation of eggs or sperm from their own cells. In addition, Yale researchers have developed advanced mouse models using CRISPR technology to study gene interactions in the immune system's response to diseases, including cancer. A study published in Nature Biomedical Engineering highlights how gene-editing tools can precisely modify DNA or RNA, aiding in the understanding of gene contributions to various diseases. The researchers introduced a method using CRISPR-Cas12a to analyze multiple genetic changes simultaneously, particularly in immune system responses. While these advancements hold promise for selecting specific traits in future children, they also raise ethical, social, and legal concerns. The potential to alter physical or cognitive traits could lead to debates about fairness and the implications of creating "designer babies." CRISPR technology recently gained public attention following Colossal Biosciences' announcement of a breakthrough in reviving the extinct dire wolf. The company used DNA from ancient fossils to create a close genetic approximation of the dire wolf, a species popularized by George R.R. Martin's Game of Thrones. Through 20 precise genetic edits to the DNA of the gray wolf, the dire wolf's closest living relative, Colossal Biosciences successfully created three viable dire wolf pups. These pups, featuring enhanced traits like snowy white coats, now reside in a protected preserve. Dire wolves, once real animals that roamed the Americas, are believed to have gone extinct around 10,000 years ago. While these scientific advancements offer exciting possibilities, they also prompt discussions about the ethical implications of such technologies.